sprinkler systems
Sprinkler systems are fixed fire extinguishing systems where water or water mixed with a foaming agent is used as the extinguishing agent.
The basic components of a sprinkler system are:
- an adequate water supply
- electric or diesel-driven pump
- wet or dry control and alarm station
- supply and distribution piping and sprinklers with a defined opening temperature.
Sprinkler systems are characterised by a simple operating principle in which the bursting of the sprinkler ampoule and a pressure drop in the pipelines automatically activates the system.
Operating principle
The operating principle of a sprinkler system is simple: the system consists of a pipe network with a number of mechanically closed extinguishing water outlets. If a certain temperature is reached in the area of one of the outlets, the closure opens and the extinguishing water is sprayed. The remaining sprinklers remain closed. The pressurised water in the pipe starts to flow and thus activates the alarm device. The fire brigade, called out in this way, can manually switch off the sprinkler system after the extinguishing process, if any, has been completed.
Application
The use of sprinklers is very diverse and corresponds to the use of water as an extinguishing agent. They can be used to extinguish fires in solid materials (wood, paper, fabrics, plastics, rubber), with the exception of materials that emit flammable substances when reacting with water and live electrical equipment. The most common use of this type of installation can be found in the following facilities:
- services and commercial premises (e.g. shopping centres, markets)
- public facilities (e.g. cinemas, theatres, offices, hotels)
- production and storage facilities (e.g. logistics centres, factories, high-storage warehouses)
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